منابع مشابه
Depletion forces in nonequilibrium.
The concept of effective depletion forces between two fixed big colloidal particles in a bath of small particles is generalized to a nonequilibrium situation where the bath of small Brownian particles is flowing around the big particles with a prescribed velocity. In striking contrast to the equilibrium case, the nonequilibrium forces violate Newton's third law; they are nonconservative and str...
متن کاملGeneralized Casimir forces in nonequilibrium systems.
In the present work, we propose a method to determine fluctuation-induced forces in nonequilibrium systems. These forces are the analog of the well-known Casimir forces, which were originally introduced in quantum field theory and later extended to the area of critical phenomena. The procedure starts from the observation that many nonequilibrium systems exhibit fluctuations with macroscopic cor...
متن کاملFluctuation-Induced Forces in Nonequilibrium Diffusive Dynamics.
Fluctuations in nonequilibrium steady states generically lead to power law decay of correlations for conserved quantities. Embedded bodies which constrain fluctuations, in turn, experience fluctuation induced forces. We compute these forces for the simple case of parallel slabs in a driven diffusive system. Our model calculations show that the force falls off with slab separation d as kBT/d (at...
متن کاملNonequilibrium Casimir-like Forces in Liquid Mixtures.
In this Letter, we consider a liquid mixture confined between two thermally conducting walls subjected to a stationary temperature gradient. While in a one-component liquid nonequilibrium fluctuation forces appear inside the liquid layer, nonequilibrium fluctuations in a mixture induce a Casimir-like force on the walls. The physical reason is that the temperature gradient induces large concentr...
متن کاملUnderstanding Depletion Forces beyond Entropy
The effective interaction energy of a colloidal sphere in a suspension containing small amounts of nonionic polymers and a flat glass surface has been measured and calculated using total internal reflection microscopy and a novel approach within density functional theory, respectively. Quantitative agreement between experiment and theory demonstrates that the resulting repulsive part of the dep...
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: Physical Review Letters
سال: 2003
ISSN: 0031-9007,1079-7114
DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.91.248301